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Information architecture: Card Sorting

Discovery / ExplorationqualitativeBeginner

TL;DR

Method for understanding how users group information, helping to define or validate an information architecture.

Detailed description

Card Sorting is an information architecture methodology that reveals how users mentally organize and categorize content, providing fundamental insights for structuring navigation and taxonomies. Participants group cards representing content or functionalities into logical categories, allowing identification of common patterns in mental models and organizational expectations. Research demonstrates its effectiveness in creating intuitive structures that reduce disorientation and improve findability (Nielsen Norman Group). It is essential to conduct before designing navigation and can be executed through open, closed, or hybrid approaches depending on the project's specific objectives.

Main objective

Understand how users organize information and help define navigation structure.

Use cases

WebMobile appsDesktop applications

When to use it

Information architecture, before final wireframes.

Effort level

Medium

Recommended number of users

15–20 participants

Advantages

  • Easy to implement
  • Useful for structuring menus or categories
  • Can be done remotely

Disadvantages

  • Doesn't indicate if resulting structure is easily navigable
  • Not all users use the same logic

When to use

  • When designing or redesigning navigation
  • When defining information hierarchies

Metrics

  • 📊Correct grouping rate (%)
  • 📊Number of emerging categories
  • 📊Average time to group
  • 📊User agreement level (similarity index)

Practical example

Ask users to group intranet content cards and name categories.

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